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You are here: Home1 / SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS2 / Situación actual de Xylella fastidiosa en Europa y riesgo para la sostenibilidad ...

Situación actual de Xylella fastidiosa en Europa y riesgo para la sostenibilidad del olivar

03/05/2016/in SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

Authors: Landa, B.B., Montes-Borrego, M., Navas-Cortés, J.A.

Type of contribution: Conference Abstract | Oral Presentation
Journal: Proceedings of I Congreso Ibérico de Olivicultura, Badajoz-Elvas, Spain, 13-15 April 2016
Publication date: 14-04-2016
Page: 118
Keywords: Xylella fastidiosa
Corresponding author: Blanca Beatriz Landa, CSIC-IAS

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa es una bacteria Gram-negativa, habitante del xilema, de muy lento crecimiento in vitro que se transmite de forma no específica por varias especies de insectos que se alimentan del xilema incluidos en Cicadélidos (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) y Cercópidos (Hemiptera: Cercopidea). Esta bacteria causa grandes pérdidas económicas y es el agente causal de la enfermedad Pierce de la vid PD, Vitis vinifera; el enanismo del melocotonero, Prunus persica; la clorosis variegada de los cítricos (CVC) en Citrus spp., entre otras. Las epidemias de X. fastidiosa han dado lugar a pérdidas severas en cítricos en Sudamérica y vid en Norteamérica desde hace décadas. Hasta hace poco, X. fastidiosa solo se había detectado infectando olivo en California, EEUU y en las regiones de La Rioja y Córdoba en Argentina. Sin embargo, en octubre de 2013, una cepa de X. fastidiosa ha sido asociada con un decaimiento rápido de olivo (OQDS) que está causando devastación en la provincia de Lecce, Apulia, Italia, donde está afectando actualmente a más de 10.000 has. La monitorización exhaustiva de todo el territorio de los estados miembros de la UE siguiendo la normativa de la Decisión (EU) 2015/789 ha demostrado también la presencia de X. fastidiosa en Francia en la isla de Córcega y diversas localidades de la Costa Azul (región de los Alpes Marítimos). En esta charla se dará una visión general de los principales avances científicos que se han producido en relación a las cepas de X. fastidiosa interceptadas o presentes en Europa, haciendo un especial énfasis en la variante genética que afecta a olivo. Se presentará el estado actual de la epidemia en olivo en la región de Apulia, las opciones de contención y control de la enfermedad, y los posibles riesgos existentes para la sostenibilidad del olivar. Finalmente se presentarán los objetivos científicos que se van a abordar en el Proyecto de Investigación POnTE: Pest Organisms Threathening Europe financiado por la UE en su programa H2020 que pretende contribuir a diseñar una estrategia europea para la gestión integrada de la enfermedad, con el objetivo de desarrollar las medidas de prevención, detección, contención y erradicación más adecuadas desde el punto de vista técnico, económico y medioambiental.


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Tags: CSIC, olive, Xylella
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